Numbers

100 putn

Characters

'a putc

Strings

"hello, world" puts

Mixed

1 2 3 "%d - %d = %d\n" puts
"Charles"  "Hello %s\n" puts

Characters

getc

Strings

"this is a string"
"   this string has leading and trailing whitespace   "

getToken

'c accept tib

Numbers

getNumber

Equality

2 3 =

Inequality

3 4 <>

Greather Than

3 4 >

Less Than

3 4 <

Greater Than or Equal To

3 4 >=

Less Than or Equal To

3 4 <=

String Equality

"hello"   "world"  compare

String Inequality

"hello"   "world"  compare not

If / Then

1 2 = [ "true" ] [ "false" ] if
1 2 = [ "true" ] ifTrue
1 2 = [ "false" ] ifFalse

Multiple Comparisons

[ @base
  [  8 = ] [ "octal"       ] whend
  [ 10 = ] [ "decimal"     ] whend
  [ 16 = ] [ "hexadecimal" ] whend
  drop ( default case ) ] do

[ @base
  [  8 = ] [ "base is octal: %d"   puts ] when
  [ 10 = ] [ "base is decimal: %d" puts ] when
  drop ( default case ) ] do

Quotes (Anonymous)

[  ( code )  ]

Quotes can be nested.

Named

: name  ( stack comment )
  ( code ) ;

Quotes can be nested inside a named function.

Unconditional

repeat ( code ) again

Conditional loops are generally preferable.

Counted

( simple, no index on stack )
10 [ 'a putc ] times

( index on stack, counts up )
10 [ putn ] iter

( index on stack, counts down )
10 [ putn ] iterd

Conditional

10 [ 1- dup putn dup 0 <> ] while

Addition

100 200 +

Subtraction

400 32 -

Multiplication

98 12 *

Division

200 4 /

Remainder

203 4 mod

Power

Raise 3 to the second power.

3 2 pow

Absolute Value

-76 abs

Minimum and Maximum Value

34 8 min
34 8 max

Creation

chain: name'
  ... contents ...
;chain

Vocabulary names should end in a single apostrophe.

Add To Search Order

with name'
with| name' and' more' names' |

Remove From Search Order

( remove the most recently added vocabulary )
without

( remove all vocabularies )
global

Access a Function in a Vocabulary

^vocabulary'function